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The present and future of neural interfaces.

Davide Valeriani¹, Francesca Santoro^2,3, Marcello Ienca⁴

¹Neurable Inc., Boston, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Neurorobotics

|October 28, 2022

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The 2020s will see major advances in neurotechnology and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for rehabilitation and enhancement. Ethical frameworks must develop alongside these powerful new brain-interfacing tools.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Computer Science

Background:

The 2020s decade is poised for significant advancements in neurotechnologies.
Emerging materials and algorithms facilitate active brain monitoring and adaptive biohybrid/neuromorphic systems.
Novel brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are being developed for therapeutic and enhancement applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize recent developments in neural interfaces, including neurohybrid synapses and closed-loop BCIs.
To identify key trends in brain-computer interface research.
To critically assess future implications of neurotechnologies in healthcare and human enhancement.

Main Methods:

Review of recent developments in neural interfaces.
Analysis of macro-trends in BCI research (e.g., simulating vs. interfacing, recording vs. stimulation, hardware vs. software).

Keywords:

brain-computer interface brain-machine interface neural interface neuroethics neuromorphic neuroscience neurotechnology policy

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Perspectives on Neuroscience

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Focus on central nervous system interfaces for healthcare and enhancement.

Main Results:

BCIs are transitioning from open-loop to closed-loop systems, adapting to user mental states.
Key trends include advancements in simulating vs. interfacing the brain, brain recording vs. stimulation, and hardware vs. software.
Significant progress is noted in neurohybrid synapses and adaptive neuromorphic systems.

Conclusions:

Proactive ethical considerations are crucial for the responsible development of neurotechnologies.
Future neurotechnologies will increasingly integrate with the central nervous system for healthcare and enhancement.
A critical assessment of short- and long-term implications is necessary for navigating the future of neural interfacing.