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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

186
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
186
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

303
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
303
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

297
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
297

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Diagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis: progress and challenges.

Betânia M F Nogueira1,2,3, Sonya Krishnan4, Beatriz Barreto-Duarte3,5,6,7

  • 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.

EMBO Molecular Medicine
|October 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is crucial for patient care and preventing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) spread. This review examines diagnostic biomarkers, challenges in diverse populations, and solutions for improved validation and uptake.

Keywords:
active TBbiomarkersdiagnostic biomarkerstuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Diagnostic Development

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat, causing significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Despite being curable, diagnosis and treatment gaps persist, with millions falling ill annually without proper care.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is vital to improve patient outcomes and interrupt Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize progress in developing pathogen- and host-based biomarkers for active TB diagnosis.
  • To identify challenges in developing universal TB diagnostic biomarkers, particularly in specific patient groups.
  • To propose solutions for enhancing the validation and clinical uptake of TB diagnostic biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on TB diagnostic biomarkers.
  • Analysis of challenges posed by specific populations (HIV, extrapulmonary TB, children) to biomarker development.
  • Examination of limitations hindering the widespread validation and utilization of identified biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Several promising pathogen- and host-based biomarkers for active TB diagnosis have been identified.
  • Unique patient populations, including those with HIV, extrapulmonary TB, and children, present significant challenges for universal biomarker development.
  • Limitations in validation methodologies and clinical utility hinder the widespread adoption of existing biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research and development of novel biomarkers are essential for improving TB diagnostics.
  • Addressing challenges in diverse patient populations is critical for creating effective and equitable TB diagnostic tools.
  • Implementing standardized validation protocols and strategies to overcome utilization barriers will accelerate the adoption of new TB diagnostics.