Host-microbiome interactions: Gut-Liver axis and its connection with other organs

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Hepatology
• Immunology

Background:

• Gut microbial dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability, allowing microbial metabolites to impact liver immunity and inflammation.
• The liver also influences gut immunity and metabolism through bile acids and other metabolites.
• Bidirectional communication between the gut and liver is crucial for maintaining homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the bidirectional communication between the gut and liver.
• To discuss the molecular cross-talk between the host and the gut microbiome.
• To detail the role of the microbiome in various gut-liver axes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on gut-liver axis.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions.
• Examination of the microbiome's role in Gut-Liver-Brain, Gut-Liver-Kidney, Gut-Liver-Lung, and Gut-Liver-Heart axes.

Main Results:

• Gut microbial metabolites influence hepatic immunity and inflammation.
• Immune cells activated by microbial metabolites can traffic to the liver.
• The liver modulates gut immunity and metabolism.
• The gut microbiome plays a role in multiple interconnected organ systems.

Conclusions:

• There is a complex, bidirectional communication network between the gut and liver.
• The gut microbiome significantly influences this network and overall host health.
• Understanding these interactions is key to addressing liver diseases.