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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
185
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

484
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
484
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

731
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
731
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

270
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
270
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

448
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
448
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

914
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
914

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
14:40

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

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Fetal and Neonatal Anesthesia.

Marla B Ferschl1, Ranu R Jain2

  • 1Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th St. San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|November 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anesthesia for fetal and neonatal surgery demands specialized knowledge. Careful preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care, considering unique patient differences, is crucial for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
EXIT procedureFetal anesthesiaFetal physiologyNeonatal anesthesiaNeonatal physiology

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Fetal Surgery
  • Neonatal Surgery

Background:

  • Fetal and neonatal surgery present unique anesthetic challenges.
  • Pregnancy and birth involve significant anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic changes.
  • These changes necessitate specialized anesthetic considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical aspects of anesthesia for fetal and neonatal surgery.
  • To emphasize the importance of tailored anesthetic strategies.
  • To underscore the need for subspecialized expertise in managing these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key considerations in fetal and neonatal anesthesia.
  • Emphasis on preoperative evaluation.
  • Discussion of intraoperative strategy tailoring and postoperative management.

Main Results:

  • Anesthesia in this population requires deep subspecialty knowledge.
  • Understanding patient-specific differences is paramount.
  • Comprehensive anesthetic management is essential.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal care for fetal and neonatal surgical patients relies on specialized anesthetic knowledge.
  • Thorough preoperative assessment, tailored intraoperative plans, and meticulous postoperative management are vital.
  • Addressing the unique physiological landscape of these patients is key to successful anesthetic outcomes.