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Applied physiology of soccer.

B Ekblom

    Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Soccer demands high-intensity, intermittent exercise, with players covering significant distances at top speeds. Elite players exhibit superior aerobic and anaerobic power but may have reduced flexibility.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Science
    • Exercise Physiology
    • Human Performance

    Background:

    • Soccer is characterized by high-intensity, intermittent exercise.
    • Players cover extensive distances, with a notable percentage at maximal speeds.
    • Higher competition levels involve more physical duels and higher percentages of play at maximum velocity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the physiological demands of soccer.
    • To compare the physical characteristics of elite soccer players with untrained individuals.
    • To understand the energy systems utilized during a soccer match.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of physiological data during national-level soccer games.
    • Measurement of aerobic energy yield and blood lactate concentrations.
    • Comparison of maximal aerobic power, anaerobic power, and flexibility in elite players versus controls.

    Main Results:

    • Elite soccer players exhibit high aerobic energy yields (approx. 80% of maximum) and significant blood lactate concentrations (7-8 mmol/L).
    • Players deplete muscle glycogen stores, experience hypohydration, and increased body temperature post-game.
    • National/international players possess high maximal aerobic power (60-65 ml/kg/min), superior anaerobic alactacid power, and greater buffer capacity and muscle strength, but reduced flexibility.

    Conclusions:

    • Soccer performance relies heavily on both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems.
    • Elite players demonstrate exceptional physical conditioning but may compromise flexibility.
    • Understanding these physiological demands is crucial for optimizing training and performance in soccer.

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