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Super-resolution microscopy enabled by high-efficiency surface-migration emission depletion.

Rui Pu1, Qiuqiang Zhan2,3,4, Xingyun Peng1

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Surface migration in nanocrystals enables efficient stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. This new method achieves super-resolution imaging at low intensities, overcoming limitations of traditional STED techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Microscopy
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy achieves super-resolution by depleting fluorescence states.
  • High saturation intensities limit conventional STED applications.
  • Developing low-intensity STED remains a significant technical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To harness surface quenching in NaGdF4:Yb/Tm nanocrystals for efficient emission depletion.
  • To achieve super-resolution imaging at significantly lower saturation intensities than conventional STED.
  • To introduce a novel surface-migration emission depletion (SMED) technique.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized NaGdF4:Yb/Tm nanocrystals exhibiting surface quenching effects.
  • Employed a dual-beam, continuous-wave laser manipulation scheme (975-nm excitation, 730-nm de-excitation).
  • Investigated emission depletion efficiency and saturation intensity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved over 95% emission depletion efficiency.
  • Demonstrated a low saturation intensity of 18.3 kW cm⁻².
  • Enabled super-resolution imaging with sub-20 nm lateral resolution, overcoming high-intensity limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Surface-migration emission depletion (SMED) offers a powerful mechanism for low-power super-resolution imaging.
  • The technique provides autofluorescence-free and re-excitation-background-free imaging.
  • SMED is suitable for biological tracking, optical sensing, writing, and lithography.