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Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis: An Update
Pedro Paulo V P Diniz1, Daniel Moura de Aguiar2
1Western University of Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|November 6, 2022
Summary
Canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are common tick-borne diseases affecting pets and humans. Current treatments aim for remission, but complete infection elimination and vaccines remain challenging for veterinarians.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Parasitology
Background:
- Canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are widespread zoonotic tick-borne diseases.
- Recent diagnostic advancements have improved understanding of involved rickettsial species, geographic spread, and impact on dogs, cats, and humans.
- While clinical signs can be managed, complete infection eradication and effective vaccines are still lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide veterinarians with updated information on canine and feline ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis.
- To review current knowledge on transmission, diagnosis, and management strategies.
- To highlight challenges in treatment and vaccine development.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article, synthesizing current scientific literature.
- Information was gathered on diagnostic methods, clinical presentations, and therapeutic options.
- Focus is on practical application for veterinary practitioners.
Main Results:
- Diagnostic capabilities have expanded, revealing a broader range of causative agents and their distribution.
- Antimicrobial therapy can lead to clinical remission but doesn't always eliminate the infection.
- Vaccine development for these diseases has not yet been successful.
Conclusions:
- Practicing veterinarians need current information on these tick-borne diseases for effective management.
- Further research is needed to develop reliable treatments for complete infection elimination and preventative vaccines.
- Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes in affected animals and potentially humans.
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