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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Rhesus macaques with an <i>OPA1</i> mutation demonstrate features of autosomal dominant optic atrophy.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Optic nerve cavitations in glaucoma suspect and glaucoma patients.

Bennett Y Hong1, Brad Fortune1, Robert M Kinast1

  • 1Legacy Devers Eye Institute, 1040 N.W. 22nd Ave, Good Samaritan Building 2, Portland, OR, 97210, USA.

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports
|November 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New optic nerve cavitations were detected using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucoma patients. These findings may represent a novel structural change associated with glaucoma.

Keywords:
GlaucomaImagingIntrachoroidal cavitationsLamina cribosaOptic nerve cavitationsOptical coherence tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Glaucoma is characterized by optic nerve head structural changes.
  • Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a key imaging modality.

Observation:

  • Optic nerve cavitations were identified in 5 eyes of 4 patients diagnosed with glaucoma or glaucoma suspect.
  • These cavitations appeared as sharply delineated, hyporeflective spaces within the optic nerve.

Findings:

  • The cavitations were located anterior to the lamina cribosa, within the Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), and extended 3-6 clock hours.
  • Unlike previously reported choroidal cavitations in myopia, these were within the optic nerve in patients with minimal refractive error.

Implications:

  • This study describes a novel OCT finding in glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the impact of these cavitations on structural and functional changes in glaucoma.