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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

357
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
357
Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Language01:16

Language

384
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
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Related Experiment Video

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How Has COVID-19 Impacted Our Language Use?

Francesca Pisano1, Alessio Manfredini1, Daniela Brachi1

  • 1Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The COVID-19 pandemic created new, strong memory links through metaphorical language, impacting word associations more than pre-existing ones. This highlights language's adaptability and the psychological effects of dramatic metaphors.

Keywords:
COVID-19 emergencymetaphorsmisinformationpsychological disorderspublic healthsemantic primingsocial communicationsocial media

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted mental health and language use.
  • Increased media attention focused on the overuse of new metaphorical meanings during the pandemic.
  • The study investigates the formation of new semantic associations in memory due to pandemic-related metaphors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if pandemic-induced metaphors create new semantic associations in memory.
  • To compare the strength of these new associations with pre-existing ones.
  • To understand the role of language adaptation and metaphor overuse in psychological well-being.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 120 university students participated.
  • Participants decided if target words were related to prime stimuli.
  • Responses for pandemic metaphorical pairs were compared to pre-existing semantic and neutral pairs.

Main Results:

  • Participants showed greater accuracy and faster response times for pandemic metaphorical pairs compared to pre-existing semantic pairs.
  • Semantic pairs were processed faster than neutral pairs.
  • Newly learned pandemic associations formed stronger semantic links than pre-existing ones.

Conclusions:

  • The human brain rapidly forms strong semantic links for new metaphorical meanings, demonstrating language adaptability.
  • Overuse of dramatic metaphors during the pandemic may contribute to psychological distress.
  • This research underscores the profound connection between language, memory, and mental health.