Comorbidity Patterns in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis Using Network Analysis in the EpiChron Study

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with different comorbidities. Methods: Retrospective, observational study based on clinical information from the individuals of the EpiChron Cohort Study (Aragon, Spain) with a diagnosis of AD between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2018. We calculated the tetrachoric correlations of each pair of comorbidities to analyze the weight of the association between them. We used a cut-off point for statistical significance of p-value < 0.01. Results: The prevalence of AD in the EpiChron Cohort was 3.83%. The most frequently found comorbidities were respiratory, cardio-metabolic, cardiovascular, and mental health disorders. Comorbidities were combined into 17 disease patterns (15 in men and 11 in women), with some sex and age specificities. An infectious respiratory pattern was the most consistently described pattern across all ages and sexes, followed by a cardiometabolic pattern that appeared in patients over 18 years of age. Conclusions: Our study revealed the presence of different clinically meaningful comorbidity patterns in patients with AD. Our results can help to identify which comorbidities deserve special attention in these types of patients and to better understand the physio-pathological mechanisms underlying the disease associations identified. Further studies are encouraged to validate the results obtained in different clinical settings and populations.