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Related Concept Videos

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
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Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction01:16

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Actin and myosin are contractile proteins that form the sarcomere found in skeletal muscle tissues for regulating muscle contraction. Actin, a globular contractile protein, interacts with myosin for muscle contraction. The skeletal tissue appears striped or striated under a microscope due to the repeated arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin along the length of myofibrils. Dark A bands and light I bands repeat along myofibrils, and the alignment of myofibrils in the cell causes...
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Overview of Myosin Structure and Function01:15

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Myosins are a family of molecular motor proteins, first identified in the skeletal muscles, where they are responsible for muscle contraction. Along with their role in muscle contraction, these proteins also play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules and vesicles. There are twenty-four classes of myosins based on their domain sequence and organization. Of the twenty-four, six classes (Myosin I, Myosin II, Myosin V, Myosin VI, Myosin VII, and Myosin X)  have been well...
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Smooth Muscle Contraction01:25

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Smooth muscle contraction is a complex process vital for various bodily functions, from maintaining blood vessel tension to facilitating the movement of food through the digestive tract. Unlike striated muscles, smooth muscle contraction begins more slowly and lasts longer.
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Probing Myosin Ensemble Mechanics in Actin Filament Bundles Using Optical Tweezers
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Patterned mechanical feedback establishes a global myosin gradient.

Hannah J Gustafson1,2, Nikolas Claussen3, Stefano De Renzis4

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.

Nature Communications
|November 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanical feedback regulates cell flows during embryo development. Dynamic myosin recruitment to cell junctions, driven by junction deformation rates, establishes long-range cytoskeletal patterns and tissue flows.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics and biology interface
  • Developmental biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Embryo morphogenesis involves complex cell coordination.
  • Understanding global cell flows and cytoskeletal dynamics is crucial.
  • Distinguishing genetic programs from mechanical stimuli in development is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the coordination of cytoskeletal processes during embryo morphogenesis.
  • Examine the role of mechanical feedback in regulating cell flows.
  • Disentangle genetic and mechanical contributions to developmental patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in toto light sheet microscopy.
  • Employed genetic and optogenetic perturbations of tissue mechanics.
  • Developed mathematical models and performed high-frequency analysis.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated long-range impact of dynamic myosin II recruitment on global myosin configuration.
  • Identified junction deformation rate as a key determinant of myosin recruitment rate.
  • Revealed myosin fluctuations around a mean value governed by mechanical feedback.
  • Achieved 80% fidelity in modeling the early establishment of global myosin patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Spatially modulated mechanical feedback is a critical regulator of cytoskeletal configurations.
  • Mechanical feedback establishes long-range gradients in cytoskeletal patterns.
  • This mechanism is essential for generating global tissue flow patterns during embryogenesis.