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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in iPSCs and Genetic Disease Research
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MSCs vs. iPSCs: Potential in therapeutic applications.

Kalaiselvaan Thanaskody1, Amirah Syamimi Jusop1, Gee Jun Tye2

  • 1Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|November 21, 2022
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show promise in regenerative medicine and treating diseases like COVID-19. MSCs have more clinical trials, while iPSCs offer an ethical alternative to embryonic stem cells.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2induced pluripotent stem cellsmesenchymal stem cellstherapeutic applications

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are explored for therapeutic potential due to self-renewal, differentiation, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • MSCs are immune-privileged and have low tumorigenicity, enabling allogeneic therapies.
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated from adult cells, avoiding ethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells and offering a versatile cell source.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • To present therapeutic approaches utilizing MSCs and iPSCs.
  • To briefly discuss the application of MSCs and iPSCs in treating COVID-19 related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • Discussion of stem cell properties relevant to regenerative medicine.
  • Overview of clinical applications and challenges, including tumorigenicity and ethical considerations.

Main Results:

  • MSCs possess self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory capabilities.
  • iPSCs can be generated from any human source, are pluripotent, and avoid ethical concerns.
  • MSCs have advanced further in clinical trials compared to iPSCs, partly due to iPSCs' higher tumorigenicity risk.

Conclusions:

  • Both MSCs and iPSCs are valuable tools in regenerative medicine.
  • MSCs have shown utility in treating SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • Further research is needed to address iPSCs' tumorigenicity for broader therapeutic application.