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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
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Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
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Two primary types of muscle contractions are isotonic and isometric, each serving unique functions and involving distinct mechanisms. Both isotonic and isometric contractions are integral to the body's complex system of movement and stability. Isotonic exercises contribute significantly to functional strength and movement, while isometric contractions are crucial for maintaining posture and joint stability.
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Orthobiologic Interventions for Muscle Injuries.

Philip M Stephens1, Ryan P Nussbaum2, Kentaro Onishi3

  • 1Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Kaufmann Medical Building Suite 9103471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/PhilipStephens1.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|November 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Orthobiologics show promise for muscle injury healing, with ultrasound-guided leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections demonstrating the strongest current evidence. Future treatments may target scar development by downregulating TGF-B.

Keywords:
Muscle injuryOrthobiologicPlatelet-rich plasmaProlotherapyStem cell

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Collection of Skeletal Muscle Biopsies from the Superior Compartment of Human Musculus Tibialis Anterior for Mechanical Evaluation
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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Muscle injuries are prevalent in active individuals, impacting performance and recovery.
  • Orthobiologic therapies are being investigated to enhance muscle healing processes.
  • Current basic science and clinical evidence for orthobiologics in muscle repair is limited and often inconclusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on orthobiologic treatments for muscle injuries.
  • To identify the most promising orthobiologic interventions based on current evidence.
  • To explore future directions for orthobiologic therapies in muscle healing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on orthobiologics for muscle injuries.
  • Focus on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stem cell therapies.
  • Analysis of clinical evidence, particularly for ultrasound-guided leukocyte-rich PRP injections.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound-guided leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections show the most robust evidence for treating muscle injuries.
  • Basic science research on PRP and stem cells for muscle healing is still emerging.
  • Clinical findings for these novel treatments are currently inconclusive.

Conclusions:

  • Leukocyte-rich PRP, guided by ultrasound, represents a promising orthobiologic approach for muscle injury.
  • Scar formation is a significant impediment to muscle healing.
  • Future orthobiologic strategies may focus on TGF-B pathway modulation to reduce scarring and improve muscle regeneration.