The study of genetic predisposition on periodontitis and peri-implantitis

Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis cases increase in number with the increase of implant applications. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are defined as inflammatory diseases with inflammation and loss in soft and hard tissue, similar to the other periodontal diseases. As observed in many diseases, genetic predisposition factors also affect the progress of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

This study examines if there is any solid genetic predisposition causing periodontitis and peri-implantitis formation in Turkish patients.

In order to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), playing a role in the chemotaxis of neutrophils, and Fc Gamma Receptor IIA (FcγRIIA) and Fc Gamma Receptor IIIA (FcγRIIIA), playing a role in the antigen-antibody complexes and phagocytosis, were selected. Thirty-two Turkish non-smoking subjects, having periodontitis, thirty-three Turkish non-smoking subjects, having peri-implantitis and thirty-three Turkish non-smoking healthy subjects were selected. In total 98 adults participated in our study. Collected saliva samples from the participants were used for DNA isolation. SNPs were determined in these subgroups of the study by means of genotype-specific polymerase chain reactions.

When IL-8 A-251T, FcγRIIa -H131 and FcγRIIIa -V158 polymorphism were evaluated, no significant difference was found between periodontitis, peri-implantitis and healthy groups. However, this study observed that fMLP Receptor (FPR1) gene polymorphism creates a significant difference in individuals at higher risk of periodontitis or peri-implantitis.

Results show that individuals with the G genotype have a higher risk of periodontitis, while individuals with G / C genotype have higher risk of peri-implantitis.