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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Infertility in Females01:28

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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The risk of thromboembolism and use of combined oral contraceptives: a comment.

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[Menopausal Hormone Therapy in women with other underlying diseases: how to proceed?]

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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[Contraception in Women at Risk].

Martin Birkhäuser1

  • 1Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin, Universität Bern, Schweiz.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|November 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Women with underlying health conditions need careful contraceptive selection. Combined oral contraceptives carry risks, while copper IUDs offer a safer alternative for high-risk individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Medical Risk Assessment

Context:

  • Women's health decisions regarding contraception are influenced by underlying diseases and lifestyle factors.
  • Risk factors like age, obesity, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes potentiate vascular risks.

Purpose:

  • To guide contraceptive choices for women with underlying health conditions.
  • To highlight the risks associated with various contraceptive methods in specific populations.

Summary:

  • Healthy women can use most contraceptive methods, but underlying diseases necessitate caution.
  • Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) pose the highest risk for complications in women with internal diseases.
  • Copper IUDs (Cu-IUDs) present the lowest risk, while gestagen-only options and sterilization are alternatives. Barrier methods and natural family planning are discouraged due to unreliability.

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Impact:

  • Informing healthcare providers and patients about safer contraceptive options for women at risk.
  • Reducing the incidence of high-risk unplanned pregnancies in women with pre-existing conditions.
  • Emphasizing the importance of specialist consultation for hormonal contraceptive selection in women with underlying diseases.