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Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

High-Entropy Layered Rare Earth Hydroxides.

M A Teplonogova^1,2, A D Yapryntsev¹, A E Baranchikov¹

¹Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia.

Inorganic Chemistry

|November 23, 2022

Summary

Researchers synthesized novel high-entropy layered rare earth hydroxides and oxides using a hydrothermal microwave method. These materials exhibit uniform element distribution, indicating successful formation of high-entropy compounds.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

High-entropy materials offer unique properties due to multi-elemental composition.
Rare earth compounds are crucial for various advanced applications.
Controlling cation distribution in complex oxides is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize novel high-entropy layered rare earth hydroxides and their corresponding oxides.
To characterize the structural and compositional uniformity of these high-entropy materials.
To confirm the formation of high-entropy phases using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

Main Methods:

Hydrothermal microwave synthesis for layered rare earth hydroxides.
High-temperature annealing (900 °C) to form rare earth oxides.
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for compositional analysis.
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping (including STEM-EDX) for elemental distribution.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized five new high-entropy layered rare earth hydroxides (e.g., (Y,Eu,Gd,Er,Sm)2(OH)5NO3).
Annealing produced corresponding high-entropy rare earth oxides with uniform cation distribution.
ICP-AES confirmed high configurational entropy values for both hydroxides and oxides.
EDX mapping showed no chemical segregation, validating uniform rare earth element distribution.

Conclusions:

The hydrothermal microwave method is effective for creating high-entropy layered rare earth hydroxides.
High-entropy rare earth oxides can be obtained through annealing, retaining uniform elemental distribution.
The synthesized materials represent a new class of high-entropy compounds with potential applications.