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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis
Published on: May 12, 2019
Biological Stratification of Invasive and Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
Moritz J Reike1, Alberto Contreras-Sanz2, Peter C Black2
1Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Gordon & Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany.
Abstract:
Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder remains a highly lethal malignancy. In this review the authors explore the underlying biology associated with the evolution from non-muscle-invasive UC to muscle-invasive and metastatic UC, with a special focus on the molecular stratification of UC and the potential of this stratification to be used for treatment selection.
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