Advances in antimicrobial resistance testing.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Public Health
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly bacterial AMR, presents a significant global public health challenge.
• The widespread use and abuse of antimicrobials have accelerated the emergence and spread of AMR.
• The increasing severity of AMR means some bacterial infections are becoming untreatable due to a lack of effective antimicrobial options.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the critical need for rapid detection and quantification of AMR.
• To review and describe advancements in molecular technologies for AMR testing.
• To provide an overview of methods complementing traditional antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Main Methods:

• Review of molecular detection technologies for AMR.
• Discussion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and isothermal amplification.
• Overview of high-throughput sequencing, gene microarray, and mass spectrometry applications in AMR detection.

Main Results:

• Traditional phenotype-based methods, while gold standard, are time-consuming.
• Molecular methods offer faster alternatives to traditional AMR detection.
• Various molecular techniques are increasingly utilized as complements to established methods.

Conclusions:

• Rapid AMR detection is essential for controlling infectious diseases.
• Molecular detection technologies represent significant advances in AMR testing.
• These advanced methods are crucial for addressing the global AMR crisis.