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Parasitic Effects on Electrical Bioimpedance Systems: Critical Review.

David William Cordeiro Marcôndes¹, Aleksander Sade Paterno¹, Pedro Bertemes-Filho¹

¹Center for Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville 89219710, Brazil.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 26, 2022

Summary

Parasitic capacitance in electrical impedance spectroscopy causes errors. Existing compensation methods fail with varying electrode capacitance, highlighting the need for new techniques to improve measurement accuracy.

Keywords:

critical review electrical bioimpedance error compensations parasitic capacitances

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Biomedical Instrumentation
Measurement Science

Background:

Parasitic capacitance is a primary error source in electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) systems.
Electrode impedance in tetrapolar configurations can introduce phase errors when coupled with parasitic capacitances.
Reactive charges in tissue excitation systems are prone to instability, complicating accurate measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and categorize existing techniques for mitigating parasitic capacitance in EIS.
To evaluate the effectiveness of current compensation methods against varying electrode capacitances.
To identify the need for novel compensation strategies for dynamic capacitive effects.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted on parasitic capacitance compensation techniques.
Selected studies were categorized into three main groups: electronic instrumentation, measurement processing, and negative impedance converters.
The efficacy of each method was assessed concerning its ability to handle fixed versus variable capacitances.

Main Results:

All three reviewed compensation categories (instrumentation, processing, negative impedance converters) effectively mitigate fixed parasitic capacitances.
None of the analyzed methods demonstrated capability in compensating for electrode capacitance that varies across the frequency spectrum.
The study identified a significant gap in current compensation strategies for dynamic capacitive effects.

Conclusions:

Existing parasitic capacitance compensation techniques are insufficient for EIS systems with frequency-dependent electrode impedance.
A new compensation method is required to address the challenge of varying capacitances in EIS measurements.
Accurate EIS measurements necessitate strategies that can adapt to unknown and changing electrode impedance characteristics.