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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice
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A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects

David Aguilar-Recarte1, Emma Barroso1, Meijian Zhang1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.

Pharmacological Research
|November 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Metformin enhances AMPK activation, crucial for type 2 diabetes treatment, by increasing growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) levels. This process occurs independently of the central nervous system, revealing a new therapeutic mechanism.

Keywords:
AMPKGDF15Glucose toleranceMetformin

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