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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Related Experiment Video

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Mechanisms Underlying Brain Aging Under Normal and Pathological Conditions.

Menglong Jin1,2, Shi-Qing Cai3

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.

Neuroscience Bulletin
|November 27, 2022
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This review explores brain aging mechanisms, linking molecular changes to cognitive impairment in the elderly. It aims to identify strategies for promoting healthy aging and preventing age-related diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Aging is a primary risk factor for numerous human diseases, notably cognitive impairment affecting the elderly population.
  • Significant advancements have been made in understanding the molecular and cellular underpinnings of aging and age-related diseases.
  • These aging-related changes are increasingly implicated in the development of cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in understanding brain aging mechanisms under normal and pathological conditions.
  • To compare and contrast the similarities and differences between these aging processes.
  • To discuss causative and adaptive mechanisms of brain aging and identify principles for promoting healthy aging and disease prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific advances.
  • Comparative analysis of aging mechanisms in normal and pathological brain states.
  • Synthesis of findings to identify overarching principles.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of molecular and cellular changes contributing to brain aging.
  • Identification of common and distinct pathways in normal versus pathological brain aging.
  • Discussion of factors that drive brain aging and adaptive responses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding brain aging mechanisms is crucial for addressing age-related cognitive decline.
  • Identifying key mechanisms can guide interventions for healthy aging.
  • This review provides a framework for preventing age-related diseases and promoting cognitive health in later life.