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Related Concept Videos

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions01:27

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions

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Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...
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Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Lowering barriers to naloxone access through a student-led harm reduction program.

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    University students are increasingly requesting naloxone kits and overdose prevention training, indicating a need for expanded harm reduction programs on college campuses. NaloxoneSC demonstrates a feasible peer-to-peer model for addressing opioid-related public health concerns.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Harm Reduction Strategies
    • University Student Health

    Background:

    • The opioid crisis poses significant risks to communities nationwide.
    • Four overdose deaths among University of Southern California (USC) students in 2019 prompted the creation of NaloxoneSC.
    • NaloxoneSC provides free naloxone kits, fentanyl test strips, and overdose prevention training.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To implement a naloxone distribution program in partnership with USC Student Health.
    • To expand access to naloxone within the USC community.
    • To increase opioid overdose education among university students.

    Main Methods:

    • Students accessed naloxone kits via the NaloxoneSC website.
    • Opioid overdose education was completed through a 10-minute training video or workshops.
    • Naloxone kits, containing Narcan nasal spray and fentanyl test strips, were distributed from two USC Student Health Center locations.

    Main Results:

    • Over 320 naloxone kit requests were received in the first year.
    • Demand for naloxone kits grew over time.
    • Approximately 600 students received opioid overdose education through the program.

    Conclusions:

    • Over 300 USC students voluntarily requested naloxone kits within one year.
    • Findings suggest a need for greater access to harm reduction resources on college campuses.
    • Peer-to-peer education and naloxone distribution are effective strategies for reducing harm among university students.