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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.

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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

Advances in G-quadruplexes-based fluorescent imaging.

Jiao-Na Han¹, Mingmin Ge¹, Pengfei Chen¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.

|November 29, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores G-quadruplexes (G4s), noncanonical DNA/RNA structures vital for gene regulation. It highlights fluorescent imaging techniques and G4-containing fluorescent light-up aptamers (FLAPs) for visualizing these structures in biological processes.

Keywords:

FLAPs G-quadruplexes bioimaging fluorescent imaging tools nucleic acids

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Published on: October 6, 2022

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biophysics
Genetics

Background:

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical nucleic acid structures formed in guanine-rich sequences.
G4s play crucial roles in chromatin architecture, gene regulation, DNA replication, transcription, and genome maintenance.
Accurate visualization of G4s is essential for understanding their biological functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current fluorescent imaging approaches for tracking G-quadruplexes in cells and in vivo.
To discuss the potential of G4-containing fluorescent light-up aptamers (FLAPs) in bioimaging.
To summarize developments in G4 imaging and FLAPs from a fluorescent molecule perspective.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on G-quadruplex imaging techniques.
Discussion of fluorescent light-up aptamers (FLAPs) utilizing G4 scaffolds.
Analysis of current advancements in fluorescent molecules for G4 detection.

Main Results:

Several representative fluorescent imaging methods for G4 detection are presented.
G4-containing FLAPs show promise for intracellular imaging of RNAs and metabolites.
Current developments focus on enhancing fluorescent properties for G4 imaging.

Conclusions:

G-quadruplex imaging is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential.
G4-containing FLAPs offer a promising platform for advanced bioimaging applications.
Future research should address challenges in G4 imaging and FLAP development for broader utility.