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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Precise catalysis is crucial for artificial enzymes in biomedical applications.
  • Controlling enzymatic kinetics via temperature offers a wide safety window for cold temperatures (4-37 °C).
  • A lack of suitable cold-activated artificial enzymes hinders therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel cold-activated artificial enzyme using bismuth iron oxide nanosheets (Bi2Fe4O9 NSs).
  • To investigate the potential of Bi2Fe4O9 NSs for targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Bi2Fe4O9 nanosheets (NSs).
  • Evaluation of cold-activated glutathione oxidase (GSHOx)-like activity due to pyroelectricity.
  • Assessment of tumor cell death induction (apoptosis and ferroptosis) and off-target toxicity.
  • Fabrication of a smartphone-controlled interventional device.
  • In vivo studies using Bi2Fe4O9 NSs as an in situ cancer vaccine.

Main Results:

  • Bi2Fe4O9 NSs exhibit GSHOx-like activity under cold conditions.
  • Cold-activated catalysis effectively induces apoptosis and ferroptosis in tumor cells while sparing normal tissues.
  • Remote control of enzymatic activity via a smartphone-interfaced device was achieved.
  • Bi2Fe4O9 NSs demonstrated efficacy as an in situ vaccine, activating systemic antitumor immunity and suppressing metastasis/relapse.
  • In vivo studies confirmed the high biosafety of Bi2Fe4O9 NSs.

Conclusions:

  • Bi2Fe4O9 NSs represent a promising cold-activated artificial enzyme for precise cancer therapy.
  • This nanozyme offers a novel strategy for cancer vaccines with controlled catalytic activity.
  • The developed system minimizes off-target toxicity and enhances therapeutic outcomes.