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Related Concept Videos

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The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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QTL analysis identified two major all-internodes solidness loci from a completely solid-stemmed spring wheat line.

Raman Dhariwal1, Colin W Hiebert2, Harpinder S Randhawa1

  • 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|December 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified two major genes for solid wheat stems, enhancing resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (WSS). These genes, located on chromosomes 3B and 3D, can be used to breed more resilient wheat varieties.

Keywords:
QTL mappingSNP mappinglinkage mappith developmentsolid stem wheatwheat stem sawfly

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and breeding
  • Agricultural entomology
  • Crop science

Background:

  • Solid-stemmed wheat cultivars are crucial for managing wheat stem sawfly (WSS) damage.
  • Existing solid-stem genes in common wheat offer insufficient WSS resistance.
  • A secondary source of solidness is needed for enhanced WSS resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel genetic loci controlling stem solidness in common wheat.
  • To develop mapping populations for genetic analysis of solid stem traits.
  • To enhance resistance to wheat stem sawfly (WSS) through improved stem solidness.

Main Methods:

  • Developed three mapping populations from crosses with a solid-stemmed hexaploid line.
  • Genotyped populations using SNP assays and constructed high-density linkage maps.
  • Performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses on phenotyped populations across multiple environments.

Main Results:

  • Identified two major solid stem QTLs on chromosome arms 3BL and 3DL.
  • Detected additional minor QTLs, some specific to upper or middle internodes.
  • Found that the 3B locus is homoeologous to 3D, with the 3B locus mapped to a 1.1 Mb region.

Conclusions:

  • The identified major QTLs are sufficient for developing highly solid-stemmed wheat.
  • Minor QTLs can additively enhance pith expression for complete solid stem phenotype.
  • Incorporating these major QTLs into modern cultivars will increase WSS resistance via high pith expression.