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This study outlines a research protocol to investigate the future role of human decision-making in complex health services alongside artificial intelligence (AI). It proposes a multi-step approach to compare human and AI attributes and simulate their interactions in nonclinical health policy settings.

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AI decision-makingartificial intelligencehealth policyhealth regulationhuman decision-makinghuman roleshuman-AI interactionnonclinical health services

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Complex health services, encompassing areas like health policy and regulation, are increasingly influenced by artificial intelligence (AI).
  • Traditionally, humans have held leadership and decision-making roles in these nonclinical domains.
  • The integration of AI necessitates an examination of the evolving role of human decision-making and the interplay with AI capabilities, including intuition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a comprehensive research protocol for investigating the future of human decision-making in complex health services.
  • To explore whether humans will retain meaningful decision-making roles in an AI-driven healthcare landscape.
  • To develop a 'protocol of protocols' to guide future research methodologies in complex health services.

Main Methods:

  • A four-step research project employing two phases.
  • Phase 1: Two scoping reviews to identify and map human and AI attributes influencing decision-making in complex health services.
  • Phase 2: Comparative analysis of human and AI attributes, followed by a simulation of human-AI interaction in a simulated health policy environment.

Main Results:

  • The research will identify unique human attributes that may enhance decision-making.
  • A comparative analysis will contrast human and AI decision-making attributes.
  • Simulation results will illustrate human-AI interaction dynamics, including competition, cooperation, or convergence.

Conclusions:

  • This paper presents a novel 'protocol of protocols' for complex health services research.
  • It provides a roadmap for future research on human-AI collaboration in healthcare policy and regulation.
  • The study aims to contribute to establishing guidelines for research protocols in this evolving field.