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A field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based data acquisition system for closed-loop experiments.

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This study presents an open-source Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) data acquisition system for electrophysiology and closed-loop experiments. The system enables real-time feedback and simplifies experimental setup through digital signal processing and modular design.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Electrophysiology experiments require precise and rapid data acquisition and feedback.
  • Existing systems can be complex to set up and lack modularity for diverse experimental needs.
  • Real-time processing is crucial for closed-loop experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a custom, open-source Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based data acquisition (DAQ) system.
  • To enable real-time feedback for electrophysiology and closed-loop experiments.
  • To enhance experimental setup, repeatability, and modularity.

Main Methods:

  • Combined FPGA acquisition and processing with high-speed analog and digital converters.
  • Implemented digital signal processing (DSP) for filter generation and feedback with microsecond latency.
  • Utilized I2C, SPI controllers, 1 GiB RAM, USB3 interface to Python, and modular daughtercards via HDMI connectors.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated FPGA-based DSP and analog inner-loop control for rapid voltage stepping of a capacitor.
  • Achieved microsecond latency for digital infinite impulse response filters and feedback generation.
  • The system allows for in situ tuning of filter bandwidths, improving experimental control.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FPGA-based DAQ system offers a flexible, modular, and high-performance solution for electrophysiology and closed-loop experiments.
  • The digital approach simplifies setup and enhances repeatability.
  • The system's open-source nature promotes wider adoption and customization.