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Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma With Vertebral Metastasis: A Case Report.

Tharamel M Muhuesein1, Gurubharath Ilangovan1, Alex Daniel Prabhu Arul Pitchai1

  • 1Radiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, IND.

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|December 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) is a rare bone cancer in children. Early MRI diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving the poor prognosis of this aggressive tumor.

Keywords:
case reportextra skeletal ewing’s sarcomaparavertebral masssmall round blue cell tumorsoft tissue neoplasms

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Skeletal and Soft Tissue Tumors
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is the second most common bone tumor in young patients, with extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) occurring rarely.
  • Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) are characterized by specific chromosomal translocations, primarily between chromosomes 11 and 22.
  • Accurate diagnosis and staging are critical due to the aggressive nature and poor prognosis associated with ESFT.

Observation:

  • A case of a young female presenting with a palpable spinal lump, diagnosed as paravertebral and thoracic extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES).
  • The tumor exhibited gradual growth over six months, accompanied by intermittent pain and fever.
  • Physical examination revealed a non-tender, ovoid lump with smooth margins, measuring approximately 8 cm x 5 cm.

Findings:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was instrumental in diagnosing EES, planning surgical interventions, and assessing treatment response.
  • Differential diagnoses included embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and lymphoma, with immunohistochemical markers aiding in definitive diagnosis.
  • MRI proved vital for local staging, detecting recurrences, and identifying metastatic spread.

Implications:

  • Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses in pediatric patients.
  • Early detection and prompt diagnosis are essential for improving outcomes in EES.
  • The role of MRI in the comprehensive management of EES, from diagnosis to monitoring, is significant.