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Void Avoiding Opportunistic Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey.

Rogaia Mhemed¹, William Phillips¹, Frank Comeau²

¹Department of Engineering Mathematics and Internetworking, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 11, 2022

Summary

Underwater wireless sensor networks face challenges with void areas that trap data. This review examines opportunistic routing (OR) protocols designed to overcome these voids, enhancing network performance and connectivity.

Keywords:

opportunistic routing (OR)routing underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs)void area void avoiding

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Area of Science:

Networking
Wireless Communication
Sensor Networks

Background:

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are susceptible to communication voids, hindering data packet transmission.
Void areas can arise from UWSN environmental factors or network configurations, trapping data packets.
Opportunistic Routing (OR) leverages the broadcast nature of networks to improve efficiency, throughput, and reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To review void-avoiding opportunistic routing (OR) protocols specifically for UWSNs.
To present the fundamental concepts of OR and its components.
To analyze the causes of void areas and their impact on UWSN routing.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing void-avoiding OR protocols in UWSNs.
Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of various OR protocols.
Categorization of OR protocols based on their void-handling strategies.

Main Results:

OR protocols offer significant improvements in UWSN performance, addressing void area issues.
Various OR strategies exist to maintain network connectivity and extend lifetime.
Understanding void area causes is crucial for effective OR protocol design.

Conclusions:

Void-avoiding OR protocols are essential for reliable data delivery in UWSNs.
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of current OR protocols and their effectiveness in mitigating voids.
Further research can build upon these findings to develop more robust UWSN routing solutions.