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Related Concept Videos

Group Design02:01

Group Design

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Self-help support groups are voluntary, community-based organizations that provide a platform for individuals with shared concerns to exchange support, insights, and practical strategies for coping with life challenges. Typically led by group members or paraprofessionals, these groups form a cornerstone of mental health care, especially in reaching populations that are underserved by traditional healthcare systems.
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Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
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Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
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A study into shared reading groups, with specific relation to religious reading.

Esther Valora Harsh1,2

  • 1Independent Researcher, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

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This study explored how shared reading of Marilynne Robinson's novel "Home" can foster religious meaning and new thinking in diverse readers. A developed "mini-tradition" of practices emerged to navigate challenging texts and personal growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Literary Studies
  • Religious Studies

Background:

  • Explores religious writing in an era of declining religious tradition.
  • Investigates the capacity of literature to convey religious meaning to secular audiences.
  • Examines the role of shared reading in fostering new ways of thinking beyond dogma or prejudice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test literature's ability to carry religious meaning for contemporary readers.
  • To assess how shared reading in a community setting facilitates collaborative engagement and cognitive development.
  • To analyze the real-world effects of shared reading on individuals within a group context.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Grounded Theory, an empirical, bottom-up analytical approach.
  • Utilized a case study of a live shared-reading group facilitated by The Reader Organization.
  • Incorporated tools from psychologist Wilfred Bion for navigation and measurement within the novel.
  • Conducted action research with close examination of session transcripts and supervisor consensus.

Main Results:

  • Identified a "mini-tradition" developed by group members for engaging with difficult textual passages.
  • Highlighted moments of individual development and obstacles to growth during shared reading sessions.
  • Demonstrated the potential for collaborative engagement to challenge pre-existing beliefs and foster new perspectives.

Conclusions:

  • Shared reading provides a unique platform for exploring complex themes like religious meaning in contemporary society.
  • The collaborative group setting, supported by specific analytical tools, can facilitate profound personal and intellectual development.
  • Literature, particularly when engaged with collectively, can serve as a powerful catalyst for navigating existential concerns and fostering adaptive thinking.