Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

173
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
173
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.1K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.1K
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

6.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.5K
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

5.6K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.6K
Neurotransmitters01:31

Neurotransmitters

1.2K
Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
1.2K
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

139
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
139

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Convergent Network Localization of Brain Stimulation Targets for Trait Anxiety.

The American journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Rethinking EEG biomarkers of brain disorders: a transdiagnostic dimensional view.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Stable individual differences dominate adult brain volume variation until later life.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Cognitive Trajectories After Major Surgery in Older Adults and Factors Associated With Severe Decline.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
Same author

Resting-state EEG activity in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2026
Same author

Complexity of resting cortical activity predicts neurophysiological responses to theta-burst stimulation but fails to generalize: A rigorous machine-learning approach.

PLoS computational biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

15.2K

Intranasal Oxytocin Modulates Decision-Making Depending on Outcome Predictability-A Randomized Within-Subject

Paul Theo Zebhauser1, Ana Macchia2, Edward Gold3

  • 1Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.

Biomedicines
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Intranasal oxytocin (OT) impacts decision-making in healthy males. OT impaired performance in ambiguous situations but improved it in predictable ones, suggesting context-dependent effects.

Keywords:
Cambridge Risk TaskIowa Gambling Taskdecision-makingintranasaloxytocinrisk-taking

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research
06:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.1K
Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding
09:12

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding

Published on: November 14, 2018

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

15.2K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research
06:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.1K
Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding
09:12

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding

Published on: November 14, 2018

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Oxytocin (OT) is known for socio-cognitive effects, with therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric conditions.
  • Limited research exists on OT's impact on non-social cognition, particularly decision-making, crucial for neuropsychiatry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of intranasal oxytocin on decision-making under varying levels of outcome predictability and ambiguity in healthy males.
  • To explore if oxytocin modulates decision-making differently based on contextual information.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subject, blinded, randomized crossover design was employed.
  • Participants received intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) or a placebo.
  • Decision-making was assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) for ambiguity and the Cambridge Risk Task (CRT) for predictability.

Main Results:

  • Oxytocin administration led to poorer performance and riskier choices on the IGT (high ambiguity).
  • Oxytocin resulted in borderline-significantly less risky decisions on the CRT (high predictability).

Conclusions:

  • Intranasal oxytocin influences decision-making in healthy males in a context-dependent manner.
  • These findings have implications for understanding oxytocin's role in neuropsychiatric conditions and for designing clinical trials.