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Three-Dimensional Polymer Variable Optical Attenuator Based on Vertical Multimode Interference with Graphene Heater.

Xinru Xu1, Yuexin Yin1, Mengke Yao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.

Micromachines
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

A new 3D polymer variable optical attenuator (VOA) offers low power consumption for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). This compact device achieves excellent performance, reducing power needs and improving response times for optical communications.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Low-power optical devices are essential for scaling up photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
  • Integrating silica and polymer-based planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) requires efficient optical components.
  • Variable optical attenuators (VOAs) are key for managing optical signal power.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a novel three-dimensional (3D) polymer variable optical attenuator (VOA).
  • To achieve monolithic integration of the VOA with silica-based waveguides for planar lightwave circuits (PLCs).
  • To enhance performance metrics such as power consumption, insertion loss, and response time.

Main Methods:

  • A vertical multimode interference (MMI) structure was employed to design a compact 3D polymer VOA.
Keywords:
3D integrationmultimode interferenceoptical devicesvariable optical attenuator

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  • Optical analysis was conducted using the beam propagation method (BPM).
  • Thermal analysis was performed using the finite-element method (FEM), with aluminum electrodes replacing graphene heaters.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a compact device size of 3092 μm × 4 μm × 7 μm.
    • Demonstrated a low insertion loss (IL) of 0.58 dB and a high extinction ratio (ER) of 21.18 dB.
    • Reduced power consumption from 29.90 mW to 21.25 mW and improved rise/fall times to 353.85 μs / 192.87 μs.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed 3D polymer VOA offers a compact and high-performance solution for optical attenuation.
    • The design facilitates monolithic integration with existing PLC technologies.
    • The device shows significant potential for applications in optical communications, integrated optics, and optical interconnections.