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Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
Published on: September 12, 2020
Dystonia, Chorea, and Ataxia: Three Challenging Cases
José Luiz Pedroso1, Thiago Cardoso Vale2, Alex Tiburtino Meira3
1Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract:
Movement disorders comprise a heterogeneous and complex group of neurological disorders that increase (hyperkinetic) or decrease (hypokinetic) the speed or amplitude of movements, or disrupt their coordinated sequencing. In this article, we describe three instructive cases, exemplifying classic movement disorders, namely dystonia, chorea, and ataxia. We highlight the diagnostic approach based on clinical clues, syndromic reasoning, evaluation, and management recommendations. Each case ends with key messages for the clinicians.
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