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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

Inter-hemispheric Asymmetry Patterns in the ADHD Brain: A Neuroimaging Replication Study.

Cintya Nirvana Dutta¹, Leonardo Christov-Moore², Ariana Anderson³

¹Modeling and Simulation Department, University of Central Florida.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering

|January 2, 2023

Summary

Inter-hemispheric asymmetry in brain structure is a robust marker for identifying differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing brains. Medication did not significantly alter these asymmetry measures.

Keywords:

ADHD Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder DTI MRI brain asymmetry stimulants whiter matter

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Last Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

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Published on: March 12, 2020

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Published on: September 12, 2011

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Genetics

Background:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with complex genetic and neuroimaging correlates.
Previous neuroimaging studies in ADHD have yielded mixed results, particularly regarding laterality of findings.
Hemispheric asymmetry differences may offer a more consistent approach to identifying brain alterations in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

To replicate previous findings on the sensitivity of inter-hemispheric asymmetry differences in detecting ADHD-related brain alterations.
To examine the impact of medication (stimulant, non-stimulant, combination) on brain asymmetry in ADHD patients.
To investigate hemisphere-dependent patterns in brain volume maturation delays in ADHD.

Main Methods:

Utilized neuroimaging metrics (volumetric, morphometric, white matter) to analyze brain asymmetry in a new dataset of ADHD and typically developing (TD) subjects (n=202).
Compared medication-naive ADHD subjects with TD controls.
Assessed changes after a six-week course of stimulant, non-stimulant, or combination therapy.

Main Results:

Replicated earlier findings, confirming that inter-hemispheric asymmetry measures are more robust in detecting differences between ADHD and TD brains.
Volumetric and white matter asymmetry measures consistently differentiated between ADHD and TD groups.
Medication treatment did not produce significant alterations in either lateralized or symmetry measures.

Conclusions:

Inter-hemispheric brain asymmetry is a reliable neuroimaging marker for differentiating ADHD from typical development.
Current ADHD medications did not significantly alter brain asymmetry measures within the study period.
Delayed brain volume maturation in ADHD may be hemisphere-dependent, warranting further investigation into causal or compensatory roles.