Evaluating Anhedonia as a risk factor in suicidality: A meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
• Mental Health Research
• Clinical Psychology

Background:

• Anhedonia and suicidality are recognized clinical concerns, yet their quantitative association remains underexplored.
• Previous research has not synthesized the literature on anhedonia's dimensions and suicidality.
• This meta-analysis addresses the need for a quantitative synthesis of anhedonia and suicidality.

Approach:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar up to June 13, 2022.
• Included studies assessed suicidality (ideation, attempts) and utilized validated anhedonia scales.
• Risk of bias and study quality were assessed using ROBINS-1 and GRADE criteria, respectively.

Key Points:

• A meta-analysis of 20 studies involving 11,212 individuals revealed a significant moderate correlation between anhedonia and suicidality (r=0.31, p<0.001).
• This association was consistent in both general and psychiatric populations (r=0.32, p<0.001).
• Anticipatory and consummatory interpersonal anhedonia showed a stronger effect (r=0.40, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

• Anhedonia is a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation and behaviors.
• The findings highlight the importance of assessing anhedonia across all its dimensions in individuals with suicidality.
• Developing comprehensive risk assessments for anhedonia could aid in preventing suicidal outcomes, particularly in primary care settings.