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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Localization of Pyelonephritis by ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET CT.

Rajlaxmi Rangrao Jagtap¹, Shailendra Vasant Savale¹, Gauri Shridhar Khajindar¹

¹Spect Lab, Pune, India.

Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Biology

|January 9, 2023

Summary

Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET CT can detect inflammation when 18F-FDG PET CT is not feasible due to hyperglycemia. This case highlights 68Ga-FAPI PET CT as a valuable alternative for diagnosing occult infections.

Keywords:

99mTc-DMSA 68Ga-FAPI Pyelonephritis

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Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

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Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET

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Area of Science:

Nuclear Medicine
Radiochemistry
Oncology

Background:

Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is upregulated in cancer-associated fibroblasts and inflammatory conditions.
FAPI imaging shows promise for detecting inflammation and cancer, but its utility in non-oncological settings is less explored.

Observation:

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes and suspected kidney infection presented with hyperglycemia, precluding 18F-FDG PET CT.
68Ga-FAPI PET CT was performed, revealing bilateral pyelonephritis confirmed by a 99mTc-DMSA scan.

Findings:

68Ga-FAPI PET CT successfully identified inflammation in the kidneys despite severe hyperglycemia.
The findings suggest FAPI's potential beyond oncology, particularly in inflammatory processes.

Implications:

68Ga-FAPI PET CT offers a viable alternative to 18F-FDG PET CT in hypergycemic patients for diagnosing occult infections or inflammation.
This expands the diagnostic applications of FAPI-based imaging in clinical practice.