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Silk composite interfacial layer eliminates rebleeding with chitosan-based hemostats.

Sushma Indrakumar1, Santanu Ghosh1, Tapan Kumar Dash2

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A new bilayered hemostatic foam using silica and silk fibroin improves clotting and reduces rebleeding compared to chitosan foams. This advanced material offers easier removal and minimal residue for effective hemorrhage control.

Keywords:
Bilayered foamChitosanHemostatNon-adhesiveSilk fibroin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Hemostatic Agents
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Chitosan foams are approved hemostats but have issues with mucoadhesiveness and rebleeding.
  • Effective pre-hospital hemorrhage control requires advanced hemostatic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel bilayered hemostatic foam to overcome limitations of current chitosan foams.
  • To assess the hemostatic efficacy, biocompatibility, and ease of removal of the new foam.

Main Methods:

  • A bilayered foam was designed with a bioactive layer (silica particles and silk fibroin) on a chitosan foam base.
  • In vitro optimization of foam composition based on clotting and cytocompatibility.
  • In vivo evaluation in a rat model to assess clotting time, blood loss, and rebleeding upon removal.

Main Results:

  • The bilayered foam achieved rapid clotting (31 ± 4 s) comparable to chitosan foam.
  • Significantly lower blood loss was observed with the bilayered foam compared to chitosan foam.
  • Removal of the bilayered foam prevented rebleeding, unlike chitosan foam (50% rebleeding incidence) and left minimal residue.

Conclusions:

  • The designer bilayered hemostatic foam is a potent inducer of blood clotting.
  • This novel foam offers easy removal with significantly reduced rebleeding and material residue.
  • The developed hemostat shows promise for improved pre-hospital hemorrhagic control.