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Cell jamming regulates epithelial chiral morphogenesis.

Tasnif Rahman1, Frank Peters1, Leo Q Wan2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.

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|January 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluid-like tissues exhibit stronger chiral cell alignment and elongation, driven by cellular intrinsic torque. This study reveals tissue rigidity

Keywords:
Cell chiralityCell vertex modelEpitheliumLeft–right asymmetry

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cellular Mechanics

Background:

  • Internal organs display left-right asymmetry, a process linked to cellular chirality and biased cell migration.
  • Cellular intrinsic torque is a proposed driver of chiral directional migration.
  • The influence of tissue rigidity (jamming state) on chiral morphogenesis remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of tissue rigidity and jamming state in chiral morphogenesis.
  • To model chiral cell behavior on a ring-shaped tissue using a cell vertex model.
  • To simulate chirality as torsional forces acting on cell vertices.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a cell vertex model to simulate chiral morphogenesis.
  • Simulated torsional forces acting on cell vertices to represent cellular chirality.
  • Analyzed cell alignment, elongation, and migration velocity on a patterned ring-shaped tissue.

Main Results:

  • Fluid-like (unjammed) tissues showed stronger chiral cell alignment and elongation compared to solid-like (jammed) tissues.
  • A greater difference in migration velocity between opposing tissue boundaries was observed in fluid-like tissues.
  • Fluid-like tissues exhibited more frequent cell-neighbor exchange events.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral torque is sufficient to induce biased cellular alignment in vitro.
  • Tissue rigidity, independent of cell density, plays a significant role in regulating chiral morphogenesis.
  • This work provides insights into the mechanical regulation of chiral tissue development.