Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

71
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
71
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

1.2K
Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
1.2K
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

23.7K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.7K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

12.6K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.6K
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

390
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
390
Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

53
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
53

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrated metagenomic sequencing and phage display-based immunoprecipitation sequencing for presumptive viral infection: a case report.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports·2026
Same author

Mass azithromycin distribution and antibiotic resistance in the gut and nasopharynx: a cluster-randomized trial.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Macrolide and Nonmacrolide Resistance After 36 Months of Mass Azithromycin Distribution in Burkina Faso: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

Geographic spillover of antimicrobial resistance from mass distribution of azithromycin.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Co-selection of genetic antibiotic resistance in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> after repeated azithromycin mass drug administrations in Niger.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2025
Same author

A scalable proteogenomic framework for dissecting phospho-signaling pathways in primary immune cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Subconjunctival Administration of Adeno-associated Virus Vectors in Small Animal Models
06:16

Subconjunctival Administration of Adeno-associated Virus Vectors in Small Animal Models

Published on: March 16, 2022

3.0K

Viruses Associated with Acute Conjunctivitis in Vanuatu.

Kasso Johnson1, Fasihah Taleo2, Kalbule Willie1

  • 1Ministry of Health Eye Program, Vanuatu.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|January 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Viral conjunctivitis in Vanuatu has a broad range of causes, including adenoviruses and herpes viruses. Unbiased RNA sequencing identified these viruses, suggesting its utility for disease surveillance in the region.

More Related Videos

Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals
08:31

Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals

Published on: September 20, 2021

3.4K
Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay
07:23

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Published on: June 9, 2011

18.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Subconjunctival Administration of Adeno-associated Virus Vectors in Small Animal Models
06:16

Subconjunctival Administration of Adeno-associated Virus Vectors in Small Animal Models

Published on: March 16, 2022

3.0K
Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals
08:31

Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals

Published on: September 20, 2021

3.4K
Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay
07:23

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Published on: June 9, 2011

18.5K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Conjunctivitis is a common early symptom of viral infections.
  • Data on the specific causes of viral conjunctivitis in Vanuatu are scarce.
  • Understanding viral etiology is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the viral causes of conjunctivitis in Vanuatu.
  • To identify the spectrum of viruses responsible for infectious conjunctivitis in the region.
  • To assess the utility of unbiased RNA sequencing for viral detection in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Patients with presumed infectious conjunctivitis (symptom onset <14 days) were recruited from two health centers in Vanuatu.
  • Conjunctival and anterior nasal swabs were collected for analysis.
  • Unbiased RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to detect DNA and RNA viruses.

Main Results:

  • RNA-seq identified a viral cause in 12 out of 48 (25%) patients.
  • Human adenovirus species were the most prevalent viruses, accounting for 58% of detections.
  • Human herpes viruses (cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, human herpes 7 virus), Rhinovirus C, Epstein-Barr virus, and bocavirus were also identified.

Conclusions:

  • The etiology of viral conjunctivitis in Vanuatu is diverse, involving multiple viral families.
  • Unbiased RNA sequencing is a valuable tool for comprehensive viral detection and disease surveillance.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the epidemiology and clinical impact of these viruses in Vanuatu.