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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture

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Published on: February 2, 2012

Intervertebral Disc Tissue Engineering Using Additive Manufacturing.

Minami Yoshida¹, Paul Richard Turner², Jaydee Dones Cabral²

¹Centre of Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 20, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration causes lower back pain. This review explores additive manufacturing (AM) for tissue engineering (TE) of IVDs, aiming for clinically relevant treatments.

Keywords:

3D printing additive manufacturing biomaterials hydrogels intervertebral disc stem cells tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Orthopedic Engineering

Background:

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a primary cause of lower back pain, impacting quality of life.
Growing elderly populations and lifestyle changes increase demand for effective IVD treatments.
Tissue engineering (TE) offers a promising approach to restore IVD function using cell-seeded scaffolds.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advances in additive manufacturing (AM) for intervertebral disc tissue engineering (IVD TE).
To identify requirements for developing clinically relevant TE-IVD constructs.

Main Methods:

Material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) for creating 3D scaffolds.
Utilizing computer-aided design (CAD) for custom disc geometries.
Controlling structural properties via printing parameters, material selection, and temperature.

Main Results:

AM enables precise control over scaffold geometry and structure for IVD TE.
Current research focuses on optimizing AM processes for IVD regeneration.
No clinically relevant TE-IVDs are currently available.

Conclusions:

Additive manufacturing shows significant potential for creating functional IVD TE constructs.
Further research is needed to translate AM-based IVD TE into clinical applications.
Understanding and controlling AM parameters are crucial for successful IVD regeneration.