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Imaging and Hemodynamic Characteristics of Vulnerable Carotid Plaques and Artificial Intelligence Applications in

Na Han1,2,3, Yurong Ma1,2, Yan Li4

  • 1Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.

Brain Sciences
|January 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Vulnerable carotid plaques rupture, causing acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) and 4D flow MRI identify plaque vulnerability and stroke risk, aided by AI for better classification.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Neurology
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Background:

  • Stroke is a major global health issue, with vulnerable carotid plaque rupture being a primary cause of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
  • Vessel wall high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (VW-HRMRI) is crucial for assessing carotid plaque vulnerability, aiding early diagnosis and treatment to prevent stroke.
  • Advances in imaging techniques are enhancing the characterization of these plaques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in imaging and hemodynamic characteristics of vulnerable carotid plaques using VW-HRMRI and 4D flow MRI.
  • To discuss the correlation between these imaging features and the risk of ischemic stroke.
  • To explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in carotid plaque analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on VW-HRMRI and 4D flow MRI for vulnerable carotid plaque assessment.
  • Analysis of imaging features indicative of plaque vulnerability.
  • Examination of hemodynamic parameters derived from 4D flow MRI.
  • Review of AI applications in plaque segmentation and classification.

Main Results:

  • VW-HRMRI and 4D flow MRI provide detailed insights into plaque composition and morphology, identifying high-risk features.
  • Specific imaging and hemodynamic characteristics are associated with an increased risk of plaque rupture and subsequent AIS.
  • AI demonstrates significant potential in automating plaque analysis, improving accuracy and efficiency in classification and segmentation.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated imaging approaches combining VW-HRMRI and 4D flow MRI offer comprehensive characterization of vulnerable carotid plaques.
  • These advanced MRI techniques are vital for predicting stroke risk and guiding clinical management.
  • AI integration promises to revolutionize carotid plaque imaging analysis, enhancing diagnostic capabilities for AIS prevention.

Keywords:
4D flowVW-HRMRIartificial intelligencestrokevulnerable plaque

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