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Related Concept Videos

Voltage Dividers01:14

Voltage Dividers

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In electrical circuits, resistors can be connected in series, sequentially linked one after the other. In a series configuration, the same current flows through each resistor. Ohm's law is a fundamental principle to understand the behavior of resistors in series. It expresses the voltage across these resistors in terms of the current and resistance.
Kirchhoff's voltage law implies that the sum of the voltages across the resistors in series equals the source voltage. This means that the...
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MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

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Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...
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Schottky Barrier Diode01:27

Schottky Barrier Diode

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Schottky barrier diodes are specialized semiconductor devices characterized by their unique construction. This construction involves combining a metal layer with a moderately doped n-type semiconductor material. This combination leads to the formation of a Schottky barrier, a pivotal element that defines the diode's operational characteristics. The core functionality of Schottky barrier diodes is their capacity to allow current to flow in only one direction due to their distinctive...
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Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

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In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
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Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
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MOSFET: Depletion Mode01:20

MOSFET: Depletion Mode

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Depletion-mode MOSFETs represent a unique subset of MOSFET technology, functioning fundamentally differently from their enhancement-mode counterparts. Unlike enhancement MOSFETs, which require a positive gate-source voltage (Vgs) to turn on, depletion-mode MOSFETs are inherently conductive and "normally on" devices.
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Wideband and Channel Switchable Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) Optical Power Divider Supporting 7.682 Tbit/s for

Tun-Yao Hung1,2, Guan-Hong Chen1,2, Yuan-Zeng Lin1,2

  • 1Department of Photonics & Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.

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|January 21, 2023
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Summary

This study demonstrates a novel silicon photonics power divider enabling mode division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) for optical interconnects. The device achieves 7.682 Tbit/s capacity, boosting data transmission speeds.

Keywords:
mode division multiplexing (MDM)optical interconnectorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)silicon photonics (SiPh)

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and optical communications
  • Integrated optics and silicon photonics (SiPh)

Background:

  • Silicon photonics (SiPh) offers enhanced speed and capacity for optical interconnects.
  • Mode division multiplexing (MDM) transmits signals in orthogonal modes within a single waveguide.
  • Combining MDM with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) significantly increases transmission capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose, fabricate, and demonstrate a wideband, channel-switchable MDM optical power divider.
  • To support single, dual, and triple modes for advanced optical signal routing.
  • To validate the device's performance in high-capacity optical interconnect applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a two-part switchable MDM power divider on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform.
  • Utilizing a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) for mode switching (TE0, TE1, TE2).
  • Employing mode up-conversion and Y-branch for MDM power division.

Main Results:

  • Successful switching and power division of 48 WDM channels carrying OFDM data.
  • Achieved an aggregated capacity of 7.682 Tbit/s, meeting the pre-FEC threshold (BER = 3.8 × 10^-3).
  • Demonstrated proof-of-concept for supporting up to three MDM modes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed wideband, channel-switchable MDM power divider is effective for high-capacity optical interconnects.
  • The demonstrated scheme can be scaled to support higher-order modes.
  • This technology significantly advances optical communication capabilities through integrated silicon photonics.