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Research on Orbital Angular Momentum Recognition Technology Based on a Convolutional Neural Network.

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Convolutional neural networks effectively recognize orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in distorted vortex beams, crucial for underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). Dual-mode OAM shows superior resilience to turbulence compared to single-mode OAM.

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Area of Science:

  • Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC)
  • Optical physics and signal processing
  • Machine learning applications in communication systems

Background:

  • Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) offer enhanced channel capacity and spectral efficiency in UWOC.
  • Ocean turbulence distorts OAM beams, degrading performance and complicating OAM pattern recognition.
  • Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams are susceptible to turbulence-induced distortion, affecting their phase features and singularity.

Observation:

  • A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was employed to analyze the phase maps of LG beams distorted by ocean turbulence.
  • The study simulated and analyzed OAM recognition under varying temperature ratios and salinity, simulating ocean turbulence effects.
  • The CNN model demonstrated effective extraction of information from distorted OAM phase maps for recognizing dual-mode and single-mode OAM.

Findings:

  • Under strong turbulence (Cn2=1.0×10-13K2m-2/3) and ω = -1.75, dual-mode OAM recognition rates reached up to 100% for modes ℓ = ±1 to ±10.
  • Single-mode OAM recognition rates varied from 93.33% (ℓ = 1-5) down to 84% (ℓ = 1-10) under the same strong turbulence conditions.
  • Increasing ω negatively impacted CNN recognition accuracy, with dual-mode OAM consistently exhibiting stronger anti-interference capabilities than single-mode OAM.

Implications:

  • CNNs provide a robust method for OAM recognition in turbulent underwater optical communication channels.
  • Dual-mode OAM presents a more reliable modulation scheme for high-capacity UWOC systems facing environmental disturbances.
  • These findings offer valuable insights for developing advanced optical communication technologies resilient to ocean turbulence.