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Does a visual reference help ballet dancers turn more successfully?

Andrea Schärli1, Catherine Haber1, André Klostermann1

  • 1Institute of Sport Science, Dance Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

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Visual references improve balance and orientation in ballet dancers performing multiple turns. Dancers without visual cues increased head movement over time, suggesting a greater reliance on visual input for sustained performance.

Keywords:
BalanceBalletFouettéOrientationPirouetteRotationSpottingà la Seconde

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Area of Science:

  • Dance science
  • Biomechanics
  • Motor control

Background:

  • Performing multiple rotations requires exceptional skill in ballet.
  • Previous research on ballet rotations primarily focused on biomechanics, neglecting visual information's role.
  • The influence of visual cues on continuous turns like Fouettés or à la Seconde remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a visual reference on balance control and head coordination (spotting) in elite ballet dancers during continuous rotations.
  • To analyze how visual information affects performance over a series of consecutive turns.

Main Methods:

  • 12 skilled ballet dancers (6 female, 6 male) performed 12 consecutive Fouetté or à la Seconde turns with and without a visual reference.
  • Dependent measures included supporting foot path length (balance), spotting duration, head isolation, and orientation (pelvic deviation).
  • Linear mixed models analyzed the effects of visual conditions and performance progression.

Main Results:

  • Overall, dancers exhibited a smaller supporting foot path length without a visual reference.
  • Dancers demonstrated improved orientation towards the front when a visual reference was present.
  • Over consecutive turns, dancers with a visual reference reduced path length and improved orientation, while those without increased spotting duration and head isolation.

Conclusions:

  • A visual reference is crucial for elite ballet dancers to sustain performance during multiple rotations, primarily by enhancing balance and orientation.
  • The importance of visual references increases with the number of consecutive turns performed.
  • Dancers adapt their strategies, increasing head isolation, particularly towards the end of turns, regardless of visual conditions.