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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Simultaneous fMRI and Electrophysiology in the Rodent Brain

Simultaneous fMRI and Electrophysiology in the Rodent Brain

Published on: August 19, 2010

High-frequency neuronal signal better explains multi-phase BOLD response.

Qingqing Zhang¹, Samuel R Cramer², Kevin L Turner¹

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.

|January 21, 2023

Summary

The study reveals that complex, multi-phase blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses in the visual cortex are linked to high-frequency neuronal activity, not gamma band power. This suggests neuronal signals better explain post-stimulus BOLD phases.

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Last Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Simultaneous fMRI and Electrophysiology in the Rodent Brain

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Published on: August 19, 2010

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Published on: October 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Physiology
Biophysics

Background:

Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses in visual stimulation can show complex temporal dynamics beyond simple positive deflections.
Post-stimulus BOLD phases, such as undershoots and overshoots, raise questions about their origin: neuronal activity versus non-neuronal physiological factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neural correlates of multiphasic BOLD responses evoked by sustained light ON-OFF stimulation in the visual cortex.
To determine whether high-frequency neuronal activity or gamma band power better explains the complex temporal dynamics of the BOLD signal.

Main Methods:

Utilized sustained (DC) light ON-OFF stimulation in unanesthetized rats.
Recorded blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses in the visual cortices.
Measured neural correlates, specifically Local Field Potential (LFP) power in the high-frequency (300-3000 Hz, multi-unit activity) and gamma (30-100 Hz) bands.

Main Results:

OFF stimulation-evoked BOLD responses exhibited reproducible multiphasic dynamics, including initial positive response, undershoot, and overshoot.
These multiphasic BOLD dynamics were not an artifact of periodic stimulation entrainment.
High-frequency LFP power (multi-unit activity) mirrored the multiphasic BOLD response dynamics, while gamma band power did not.

Conclusions:

The post-stimulus phases of the BOLD response are better explained by high-frequency neuronal activity (multi-unit activity).
This finding provides insight into the neural basis of complex BOLD signal fluctuations during visual stimulation.