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Transport in Porous Media
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Reactions in unsaturated porous media become more efficient as water saturation decreases. This is due to increased flow heterogeneity, enhancing mixing of dissolved species.

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Area of Science:

  • Pore-scale physics and reactive transport in porous media.
  • Multiphase flow and chemical reactions in unsaturated environments.

Background:

  • Spatial heterogeneity in porous media, caused by immiscible fluids (water and air), significantly impacts flow patterns.
  • These complex flow patterns are critical for controlling mixing-controlled chemical reactions across different scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of varying macroscopic water saturation on mixing-controlled chemical reactions.
  • To analyze reactive mixing of segregated dissolved species during fluid displacement in heterogeneous flow fields.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pore-scale geometry and water distributions from prior laboratory experiments.
  • Employed three complementary analysis methods: post-processing experimental concentration data, numerical simulations of flow and reactive transport, and an upscaled mixing model (dispersive lamella approach).

Main Results:

  • Observed a significant increase in reactive mixing as water saturation decreased.
  • This enhancement is attributed to increased heterogeneity in the water phase and its flow field, consistent across experimental and simulation data.
  • The dispersive lamella model accurately estimated product mass evolution using effective interface width.

Conclusions:

  • Decreasing water saturation in unsaturated porous media leads to enhanced reactive mixing.
  • Flow heterogeneity is the primary driver for improved mixing efficiency at lower saturations.
  • The developed upscaled model provides reliable predictions for reactive mixing.