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Gender Differences in Adolescents' Affective Symptoms and Behavioral Disorders After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Philip T Veliz1, Marian E Berryhill
1School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Dr Veliz); and Department of Psychology, Programs in Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno (Dr Berryhill).
The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
|January 23, 2023
Summary
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) in adolescents increase the risk of affective and behavioral symptoms, with effects varying by gender and injury timing. Extended screening and monitoring are recommended.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Pediatric Medicine
Background:
- Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are often presumed to be self-limiting with full recovery.
- However, recent research indicates persistent deficits years after mTBI.
- Large-scale prospective data are needed to understand the long-term impact of mTBI on adolescent mental health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To test the hypothesis that mTBI increases the incidence of affective and behavioral symptoms in adolescents.
- To examine differences in these effects based on the timing of the injury (new, past, or new and past mTBI) and gender.
Main Methods:
- Secondary analysis of survey data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.
- Comparison of adolescents with new, past, or new and past mTBI (n=157, 1318, 50 respectively) against controls with no mTBI history (n=9,667).
- Multivariable binary logistic regression models analyzed associations between mTBI history and affective/behavioral disorders using parental reports from the Child Behavior Checklist, controlling for demographics and baseline symptoms.
Main Results:
- Girls with past mTBI showed increased anxiety and attention problems; those with new and past mTBIs reported significantly elevated anxiety, aggression, social, thought, and conduct disorders.
- Boys with new mTBI had increased aggression, while past mTBI was linked to heightened anxiety; new and past mTBIs showed no significant effects in boys.
- Overall, adolescents with mTBI are at a greater risk for affective and behavioral symptoms, with gender-specific and time-dependent effects.
Conclusions:
- Adolescents are at increased risk for affective and behavioral symptoms following mTBI.
- The impact of mTBI on adolescent mental health is influenced by gender and the timing of the injury.
- Extended screening for mTBI history and ongoing monitoring for affective and behavioral disorders in adolescents post-mTBI are crucial.
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