[Biodiversity loss, first step for viral emergences].

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Ecology
• Veterinary Medicine

Background:

• Zoonoses represent a growing global health concern, exemplified by recent outbreaks like Ebola, avian flu, and coronaviruses.
• The increasing frequency and severity of zoonotic events raise fears of pandemics comparable to COVID-19.

Approach:

• This review examines the mechanisms underlying zoonotic disease emergence.
• It specifically analyzes the impact of human activities, including ecosystem disruption, intensive animal agriculture, and wildlife trade.

Key Points:

• Human activities are significant drivers of zoonotic disease emergence.
• Intensive animal breeding and wildlife trade increase the risk of pathogen spillover.
• Understanding these mechanisms is vital for effective prevention strategies.

Conclusions:

• An integrated "One Health" approach is essential for mitigating zoonotic threats.
• Implementing "One Health" strategies early in the emergence process can prevent future catastrophes.