Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Randomized Experiments

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...

Group Design

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...

Crossover Experiments

Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.

Experimental Designs

Experimental Designs

An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three widely used types of experimental design - pre-experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi-experimental design. In pre-experimental design, the researcher compares the data before and after some interventions or treatments. The true-experimental design has more than one purposefully created group, a commonly measured...

Study Design in Statistics

Study Design in Statistics

A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research problem. Statistics is commonly for effective study design and more robust experiments,
Does aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? Is one brand of fertilizer more effective at growing roses than another? Is fatigue as dangerous to a driver as the influence of alcohol? Questions like these are answered using randomized experiments with proper...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Q-Learning with clustered-SMART (cSMART) data: examining moderators in the construction of clustered adaptive interventions.

Biometrics·2026

Same author

High-Risk Substance and Polysubstance Use Among Elective Surgery Patients: Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons·2026

Same author

Adaptive intervention strategies for malaria vector control in western Kenya: a cluster, sequential, multiple-assignment, randomised, open-label trial.

The Lancet. Global health·2026

Same author

Feasibility Pilot Trial for the Trajectories of Recovery after Intravenous Propofol versus Inhaled Volatile Anesthesia (THRIVE) Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.

Anesthesiology·2026

Same author

Treatment Interruption and Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of 3 Randomized Clinical Trials.

JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery·2025

Same author

SMARTs with treatment preference: Pragmatic SMART design and methods motivated by STAR*D.

Contemporary clinical trials·2025

Same journal

Deescalation, Discontinuation, and Deimplementation Trials: Evaluating Whether and How to Do Less.

JAMA·2026

Same journal

Surgical and Endoscopic Therapies for GERD.

JAMA·2026

Same journal

The Psychedelic Therapies Executive Order: On Approval and Clinical Readiness.

JAMA·2026

Same journal

"Suturing": Love, Death, and Perfection's Limits.

JAMA·2026

Same journal

What Is Low Back Pain?

JAMA·2026

Same journal

From Silicon Valley to the Vatican-The Expanding Debate on AI Ethics.

JAMA·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats

Published on: May 6, 2021

Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial Designs

Kelley M Kidwell¹, Daniel Almirall^2,3

¹Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

|January 24, 2023

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models

Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models

Published on: February 26, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 13, 2025

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats

Published on: May 6, 2021

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models

Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models

Published on: February 26, 2014