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Microstructural and crystallographic evolution of palaeognath (Aves) eggshells.

Seung Choi1,2, Mark E Hauber3, Lucas J Legendre4

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, United States.

Elife
|January 31, 2023
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Summary

Recent genome-wide analyses reveal dinosaur eggshell evolution. Rhea-style eggshells are homologous and ancestral, while ostrich- and tinamou-styles are homoplastic, offering insights into avian and dinosaur evolution.

Keywords:
EBSDdinosauriaeggshellevolutionary biologyhomologyhomoplasypalaeognathae

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Avian Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Recent advances in genome-wide comparative analyses have significantly revised avian palaeognath phylogeny.
  • This provides a novel opportunity to investigate the evolutionary history of microstructure and crystallography in modern dinosaur eggshells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the microstructural and crystallographic evolution of palaeognath eggshells.
  • To determine the homology and ancestral state of different palaeognath eggshell morphotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Electron backscatter diffraction was used to analyze eggshells from major Palaeognathae clades (including extinct taxa).
  • Eggshells from Neognathae and non-avian dinosaurs were included for comparative analysis.
  • Ancestral state reconstruction and parsimony analysis were employed.

Main Results:

  • Detailed microstructures and crystallographies of ostrich-, rhea-, and tinamou-style morphotypes were elucidated.
  • Rhea-style eggshells were found to be homologous, representing the ancestral state.
  • Ostrich- and tinamou-style morphotypes were identified as homoplastic, acquired independently.

Conclusions:

  • Rhea-style eggshell represents the ancestral condition for both microstructure and crystallography in palaeognaths.
  • The findings enhance understanding of modern and extinct dinosaur eggshell evolution.
  • Palaeognath eggshells serve as valuable archives for diverse fields like palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and zooarchaeology.